The lava falls to the ground immediately and the ash settles to the ground in a few days. Big Volcanic Eruptions Can Cause Climate to Cool.Įrupting volcanoes spew red-hot lava and ash into the air. These changes have caused large changes in climate in the past such as the Ice Ages. The way Earth orbits the Sun changes in regular patterns over tens to hundreds of thousands of years. The amount of solar energy that gets to Earth is also affected by the way our planet orbits the Sun and the tilt of Earth’s axis. UCAR Changes in Earth’s Orbit Affect Climate. The Sun has a major impact on Earth's climate. During strong solar cycles, the Sun's total average brightness can vary by up to 1 Watt per square meter this variation affects global average temperature by 0.1 degrees Celsius or less. Changes in the Sun's overall brightness since the pre-industrial period have been minimal, likely contributing to no more than 0.01 degrees of the roughly 1 degree Celsius of warming that has occurred since the late 1800s. These changes are able to affect Earth’s climate. There are also larger changes in the amount of energy that comes from the Sun that occur over decades and centuries. These changes in the Sun are too small to be the cause of recent climate change. However the amount of energy only changes 0.15% over the cycle, which has a very minor impact on climate compared with other factors. Changes in the cycle of solar activity, called the 11-year sunspot cycle, can cause small changes in the amount of solar energy that gets to Earth. Since almost all the energy on Earth comes from the Sun, changes in the Sun can have an impact on Earth. Other factors, which are causing climate change today, are caused by humans, like burning fossil fuels which adds greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Some factors that have the power to change global climate are natural, like volcanic eruptions and changes in the amount of solar energy that gets to Earth.
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